Burden of proof (148,-666)
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Keywords: Burden of proof
Total judgments found: 245
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Judgment 1392
78th Session, 1995
European Patent Organisation
Extracts: EN,
FR
Full Judgment Text: EN,
FR
Consideration 35
Extract:
"There will be misuse of authority where the administration exercises it for some purpose other than those prescribed by law or, to put it more broadly, those that the general interest requires. A staff member who pleads misuse of authority, and the Tribunal that allows the plea, must be able to identify the improper purposes for which the authority [...] has been exercised."
Keywords:
abuse of power; burden of proof; definition; evidence; misuse of authority;
Consideration 36
Extract:
The complainant objects to the actuarial method which the organisation used in a study of the pension fund's foreseeable costs. "Like any public authority, the EPO enjoys a presumption in its favour - especially when it is taking technical measures and it has done thorough preparatory work - that its choice of actuarial method is the most suitable and the fairest. [...] It is of course open to a staff member under a system of administrative law to challenge the organisation's choice, but he must be able to adduce evidence to show why the chosen method, when compared with others, may suffer from technical flaws that should have disqualified it."
Keywords:
actuarial valuation; burden of proof; contributions; discretion; evidence; increase; judicial review; mistake of fact; organisation; pension; reckoning; right of appeal;
Judgment 1391
78th Session, 1995
European Patent Organisation
Extracts: EN,
FR
Full Judgment Text: EN,
FR
Consideration 8
Extract:
"Decisions taken by the organisation are subject to review on grounds such as bias, bad faith, malice and abuse of authority. When seeking to defend his interests by impugning any such decision, an employee is entitled to allege and attempt to establish such grounds. A fair decision cannot be reached upon such matters by an internal appeals body or by this Tribunal if witnesses, parties and their representatives are unable to speak candidly and without the risk of incurring a penalty for what they may say, and especially if one party is unduly inhibited by the fear that failure to prove his case my make him liable to disciplinary action by the other party."
Keywords:
abuse of power; bias; burden of proof; complainant; complaint; disciplinary measure; evidence; freedom of speech; internal appeal; internal appeals body; judicial review; misuse of authority; submissions; testimony; tribunal;
Consideration 10
Extract:
The complainant was subject to disciplinary action for having made statements, some of them before the Tribunal, which allegedly impaired the organisation's and the Tribunal's reputations. The Disciplinary Committee asked whether the punishment of offensive remarks "for which there is no clear justification supported by evidence" would infringe the complainant's rights. The Tribunal holds that "such a test laid an undue burden on the complainant in that if he was to avoid the risk of disciplinary action he must prove the truth of his allegations. No such burden should have been put on him. The mere failure to prove the truth of his allegations did not mean that he had either abused his freedom of speech or forfeited the immunity or privilege of judicial proceedings."
Keywords:
burden of proof; complainant; complaint; criteria; disciplinary measure; evidence; freedom of speech; organisation's reputation; submissions; tribunal; vexatious complaint;
Judgment 1384
78th Session, 1995
World Health Organization
Extracts: EN,
FR
Full Judgment Text: EN,
FR
Consideration 11
Extract:
The complainant was accused of removing computer equipment from the work place. The organization accordingly decided not to renew his fixed-term appointment. After carrying out an inquiry, the regional director submitted a first report which "showed that there was at most mere suspicion that the complainant might have been involved. There was no basis on which the organization could contend that the charge of theft had been satisfactorily proved. What it did in effect was to reverse the burden of proof by expecting the complainant to show that hisconduct was 'spotless'."
Keywords:
burden of proof; conduct; contract; evidence; fixed-term; inquiry; investigation; lack of evidence; misconduct; non-renewal of contract; presumption of innocence;
Consideration 16
Extract:
The complainant was accused of removing computer equipment from the work place. For that reason the organization decided not to renew his fixed-term appointment. "The decision not to renew the complainant's contract was based on loss of confidence consequent upon the finding of misconduct. That finding was based on an error of law as to the burden of proof; rules of procedure relating to the right of defence were seriously violated; essential facts were not taken into consideration; and clearly mistaken conclusions were drawn from the facts. so the finding cannot stand, and the plea of loss of confidence which the organization based thereon must be rejected."
Keywords:
breach; burden of proof; conduct; contract; disregard of essential fact; evidence; fixed-term; misconduct; mistaken conclusion; non-renewal of contract; right to reply;
Judgment 1380
78th Session, 1995
United Nations Industrial Development Organization
Extracts: EN,
FR
Full Judgment Text: EN,
FR
Consideration 11
Extract:
The complainant "did not suffer any injury which hampered her career and is therefore not entitled to any award of damages. The mere fact that a decision was initially flawed does not suffice to warrant awarding her damages for moral injury. The flaw was [later] corrected [...] to be entitled to moral damages she must show that she has suffered more severe injury than that which an improper decision ordinarily causes."
Keywords:
burden of proof; criteria; damages; decision; evidence; flaw; formal flaw; lack of evidence; lack of injury; moral injury; professional injury;
Judgment 1373
77th Session, 1994
International Atomic Energy Agency
Extracts: EN,
FR
Full Judgment Text: EN,
FR
Consideration 16
Extract:
The Medical Board based its findings on the lack of "conclusive" evidence. "But that was not the standard of proof it was required to apply." Referring to Judgments 528 and 641, the Tribunal holds that what is required is no more "than a balance of probability in favour of what the complainant is alleging.
Reference(s)
ILOAT Judgment(s): 528, 641
Keywords:
burden of proof; case law; evidence; medical board; standard of proof;
Judgment 1340
77th Session, 1994
European Patent Organisation
Extracts: EN,
FR
Full Judgment Text: EN,
FR
Consideration 11
Extract:
"The onus of proof lies on the organisation to bear out its allegations and insinuations and not, as the organisation submits, on the complainant to show them to be untrue. In the absence of any proof of their accuracy, the assumption must be that they are untrue."
Keywords:
burden of proof; evidence; lack of evidence; moral injury; organisation's duties; presumption of innocence;
Judgment 1275
75th Session, 1993
European Organisation for the Safety of Air Navigation
Extracts: EN,
FR
Full Judgment Text: EN,
FR
Consideration 8
Extract:
It is "the complainant who is under the duty to meet the conditions for the grant of family allowances."
Keywords:
burden of proof; dependant; social benefits; staff member's duties;
Judgment 1262
75th Session, 1993
European Southern Observatory
Extracts: EN,
FR
Full Judgment Text: EN,
FR
Considerations 11-12
Extract:
The complainant objects to a decision not to extend his appointment. "The complainant was involved in the layout and design of the staff magazine, which, he says, was at times critical of the ESO. [...] The charge of victimisation, which is easy enough to make, has to be supported by serious evidence. The complainant has failed to discharge the burden that lies on him to prove the charge against the Observatory. For one thing, he was not even an official of the Staff Association. For another, his allegation that he was victimised merely because he helped with the publication of the magazine is unsupported by a shred of evidence."
Keywords:
burden of proof; contract; decision; evidence; fixed-term; freedom of speech; harassment; hidden disciplinary measure; non-renewal of contract; staff representative;
Judgment 1261
75th Session, 1993
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Extracts: EN,
FR
Full Judgment Text: EN,
FR
Considerations 7-8
Extract:
The complainant, whose duties included processing claims for payment of overtime hours, was charged with using the organization's funds for his own benefits and suspended. He has not managed to show that he did the overtime. So his claim of payment of the overtime hours, like his claim to damages and interests, fails.
Keywords:
burden of proof; disciplinary measure; negligence; overtime; payment; request by a party; staff member's duties;
Judgment 1234
74th Session, 1993
World Health Organization
Extracts: EN,
FR
Full Judgment Text: EN,
FR
Consideration 19
Extract:
The complainant, an official at grade D.2, was moved twice in 18 months but given no explanation for the transfers. His second move was to a post at a lower grade, at some distance from headquarters and in a field he had never worked in. The organization pleads that his transfer was "in the interests of the organization" and that the burden is on him to show that it was not. "But there it betrays a deeply mistaken view of its duty. Of course its own interests are paramount, but it must still, for the sake of proper management and mutual confidence, treat its staff fairly. If it is transferring a staff member it must let him have a degree of responsibility corresponding to his grade and respect his dignity. It must give him a statement of the reasons for the transfer and the opportunity of responding."
Keywords:
burden of proof; downgrading; duty to substantiate decision; grade; organisation's duties; organisation's interest; post; respect for dignity; right to reply; staff member's interest; transfer;
Judgment 1232
74th Session, 1993
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization
Extracts: EN,
FR
Full Judgment Text: EN,
FR
Consideration 4
Extract:
Having been held in his home country against his wishes, the complainant applied, under duress, for early retirement, and the authorities of his country forwarded his application to the organization. "As soon as he was able to show that he had acted under duress UNESCO had the duty, according to the general principles that guarantee the independence of international civil servants, to grant relief. Such independence means that a staff member may not be put on early retirement where a member State has ordered him to apply for it."
Keywords:
burden of proof; early retirement; independence; international civil service principles; lack of consent; member state; official; organisation; organisation's duties; request by a party;
Judgment 1176
73rd Session, 1992
European Organisation for the Safety of Air Navigation
Extracts: EN,
FR
Full Judgment Text: EN,
FR
Considerations 11 and 13
Extract:
Eurocontrol asked the complainant to supply proof that the dependant for whom he was seeking health insurance had no means of gaining cover for sickness under another public health scheme in keeping with Article 2(2) of Rule No. 10 of the Staff Regulations. "But since what is required is disproof - viz. proof that there is no coverage under this or that scheme - Eurocontrol may not consistently lay the burden on the insured member. If it did so, there would be a danger of making the rule unworkable. A fortiori it may not, after duly determining on all the material evidence at its disposal that someone may be treated as a dependent child, raise the question of possible coverage by another public scheme whenever the insured member happens to claim refund or to seek prior authorisation of expenditure."
Reference(s)
Organization rules reference: Article 2(2) of Rule no. 10 of the Staff Regulations
Keywords:
burden of proof; dependant; dependent child; evidence; health insurance; illness; insurance; medical expenses; organisation's duties;
Judgment 1157
72nd Session, 1992
International Criminal Police Organization
Extracts: EN,
FR
Full Judgment Text: EN,
FR
Consideration 8
Extract:
it is "the duty of someone who alleges material injury to prove it or offer at least some cogent evidence of it".
Keywords:
burden of proof; evidence; injury; material injury;
Judgment 1156
72nd Session, 1992
International Criminal Police Organization
Extracts: EN,
FR
Full Judgment Text: EN,
FR
Consideration 10
Extract:
It is "the duty of someone who alleges material injury to prove it or offer at least some cogent evidence of it".
Keywords:
burden of proof; evidence; injury; material injury;
Judgment 1127
71st Session, 1991
European Organisation for the Safety of Air Navigation
Extracts: EN,
FR
Full Judgment Text: EN,
FR
Consideration 8
Extract:
The complainant suggests that the Reports Committee which recommended against confirming her appointment following probation was biased. "The burden is on the complainant to show that the members of the Committee duly appointed by the Director General were not impartial, and she has failed to offer any evidence to suggest that they were not."
Keywords:
advisory body; bias; burden of proof; complainant; composition of the internal appeals body; discretion; evidence; executive head;
Judgment 1116
71st Session, 1991
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization
Extracts: EN,
FR
Full Judgment Text: EN,
FR
Consideration 5
Extract:
The complainant, whose post was abolished, alleges that the organization committed a mistake of law by keeping him in its employ under a long string of short-term appointments. He relies on what he says was UNESCO's established practice of extending fixed-term appointments for never less than one year. The Tribunal observes that there is no rule binding the organization to a minimum or maximum period of extension and that the complainant does not offer a shred of evidence of the practice he says it followed.
Keywords:
burden of proof; contract; duration of appointment; evidence; extension of contract; fixed-term; non-renewal of contract; organisation's duties; practice; short-term; successive contracts;
Judgment 1115
71st Session, 1991
World Intellectual Property Organization
Extracts: EN,
FR
Full Judgment Text: EN,
FR
Considerations 6-7
Extract:
The complainant wants the Tribunal to set aside two reports which describe his work as unsatisfactory as well as decisions to suspend his salary step increase and not to extend his appointment. He alleges bad faith and abuse of authority on the part of the administration. There is conflicting evidence. "A complainant must discharge the burden of proof and satisfy an internal appeal body or the Tribunal that the balance of probability is that his allegations of fact are true. [...] The Tribunal has [...] considered all the evidence, including a transcript of a recording the complainant secretly made of a conversation with his supervisor. It finds that he has not discharged the burden of proving his allegations".
Keywords:
abuse of power; appraisal of evidence; burden of proof; complainant; conduct; contract; evidence; fixed-term; good faith; increment withheld; lack of evidence; misuse of authority; non-renewal of contract; performance report; recording; unsatisfactory service;
Judgment 987
68th Session, 1990
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Extracts: EN,
FR
Full Judgment Text: EN,
FR
Consideraton 5
Extract:
"In support of its contention that there was no breach of his right to a hearing, the FAO cites earlier facts which it submits show that the complainant knew full well that his position was, to say the least, uncertain. Though there are no special rules on the subject and the procedure will depend on the circumstances of each case, the organization has a duty to show that the staff member cannot reasonably have failed to realise he was under threat of termination."
Keywords:
burden of proof; duty to inform; evidence; formal requirements; organisation; probationary period; right to reply; termination of employment;
Judgment 969
66th Session, 1989
World Health Organization
Extracts: EN,
FR
Full Judgment Text: EN,
FR
Consideration 16
Extract:
The complainant is accused of having typed two defamatory memoranda. "It is common ground that the burden of proof rests on the organization. By declining to admit the charges, as she was entitled to do, the complainant required the organization to prove its case; and although the proceedings are not criminal the seriousness of the charges and the concomitant penalty demand that before there can be a finding against the complainant the charges must be proved beyond reasonable doubt."
Keywords:
burden of proof; disciplinary measure; misconduct; organisation; organisation's duties;
Judgment 959
66th Session, 1989
International Labour Organization
Extracts: EN,
FR
Full Judgment Text: EN,
FR
Consideration 2
Extract:
"The complainant maintains that he is entitled to have refunded to him any tax that was levied on his ilo salary and made over to the Indonesian government. [...] The ILO explained to him that if he could satisfy it that he himself had paid tax to the government it would reimburse the sum, and indeed that offer holds good. But the complainant has never offered any evidence of such payment, and his claim must therefore fail."
Keywords:
burden of proof; complainant; evidence; lack of evidence; payment; refund; right; tax;
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